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NFFN’s UK Manifesto: The need for core trade standards

United Kingdom
Policy & Views
policy

This blog supports the key asks found in our UK Manifesto 'A Field of View'

In its simplest form, trade is the action of buying and selling goods and services. However, it can also convey the principles and values of someone operating within a market. At a global level, this takes on added significance. Trade can be used as a force for good in the world; robust trade policy can be a cornerstone of climate action.

There are precedents for this. For example, the EU is moving to adopt a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. This tool puts a fair price on carbon emitted during the production of carbon-intensive goods that are entering the EU. Import levies within the mechanism prevent ‘carbon leakage’ as companies based in the EU cannot move production abroad where there are less stringent climate policies. Equally, it means EU products will not simply be replaced by more carbon-intensive imports.

Brexit has meant that the UK has begun to chart its own course. After decades in the EU, it is now incumbent on the UK to develop its own coherent trade strategy. This needs to simultaneously deliver economic benefits for citizens while also being coherent with our wider domestic and international agendas. Namely, being climate and nature leaders.

This call to action is no more present than in agricultural trade. In 2020, the UK imported 46% of the food it consumed. This equates to £48 billion of food, feed and drink. While the UK will need to reduce how much food it imports on a warming planet, both imports and exports will still play a critical role in the UK economy for decades to come.

Trade can be used as a force for good in the world; robust trade policy can be a cornerstone of climate action.

Nature Friendly Farming Network

To date, the UK’s now stand-alone trade policy has not gone as far as it could to secure environmental and animal welfare standards. The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (EFRA) Committee published a report in 2022 stating that within the UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement: ‘setting out core standards would have strengthened the hand of British negotiators, reassured the relevant sectors of the Government’s commitment to such standards, and helped raise standards globally.’

Importantly, UK farmers have also expressed a feeling of being shortchanged in the deals. Meat processing companies in the UK currently rely on imports for 26% of their supply. The 2022 agreement with New Zealand has removed tariffs of up to 10% on products. As a large exporter of beef and lamb, there are fears that UK farmers may be undercut by cheaper imports.

The EFRA report acknowledged that, within the Australia deal at least, it is unlikely there will be significant immediate impact on UK cattle and sheep farmers. However, it notes that after 15 years, there will be no limit on imports, which leaves UK farmers at risk of being undercut by cheaper imports in the future. The report also states, ‘it is disappointing the deal did not go further on animal welfare and include more far-reaching provisions.’

Why does this matter?

Without robust trade commitments, we risk creating contradictions between the agriculture we are trying to achieve at home and the produce we are willing to accept from abroad. Trade deals are still to be made with a whole host of countries, including large agricultural players such as the US and India. Whilst it is excellent that the UK is gradually transitioning towards more nature-friendly farming legislation at home, environmental degradation cannot simply be exported to other countries by increasing imports.

What should be done?

Efforts to increase environmental ambition at home must be underpinned by a progressive trade policy that helps raise global standards. The next Government should implement clear trade standards to safeguard UK farmers and the environment, ensuring that the domestic market is not competing with products produced to lower environmental and animal welfare standards.

Read our full manifesto

A progressive trade policy is just one of our seven key asks for the next UK government.

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